Absolutely. It's actually a common call when you have the throw-in on your own 5 metre line. The opposition backs have to start behind the 10 metre off-side line while your's are only back 5 on your own try line. Your backs can (or at least should) easily beat your opponent's to the ball once the throw goes past the 15 metre mark from the touch line, particularly when they already know the throw is going to be long.
Yes it's a common throwing option
Yup! If your backs are in the backline, then once the ball passes the 15-metre mark still going straight the backs can advance from where they start 10 metres back. If their in the lineout, they're no different then forwards, so they can jump and get the ball.
yes, you can My dad's golden oldies team used to have an ex American football quarterback throw their lineout, he could hit the centres with accuracy. None of them could run much though
Yeah you can, but you still have to throw the ball straight, you also have to remember that anyone not in the lineout has to be i think 10 metres back so your back would have to have impecable timing etc.